Cosmic Oaths as the Legitimation of Revelation: Interpreting Q. al-Wāqi‘ah [56]:75–76 in the Tafsirs of al-Ṭabarī and al-Māturīdī
Keywords:
cosmic oaths, legitimation of revelation, Tafsir al-Ṭabarī, Tafsir al-Māturīdī, Q. al-Wāqi‘ah [56]:75–76Abstract
This study examines cosmic oaths as the legitimation of revelation in Q. al-Wāqi‘ah [56]:75–76 through a comparative analysis of the interpretations of two classical exegetes, al-Ṭabarī and al-Māturīdī. The study is grounded in the methodological differences within the tafsir tradition that shape the interpretation of cosmic oaths in the Qur’an. It aims to identify the similarities and differences between the two exegetes and to explain how their methodological approaches influence their understanding of cosmic oaths as a form of legitimizing revelation. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using Jāmi‘ al-Bayān by al-Ṭabarī and Ta’wīlāt Ahl al-Sunnah by al-Māturīdī as primary sources, supported by relevant secondary literature. The findings reveal that al-Ṭabarī tends to employ a linguistic and transmission-based (lughawī-riwāyah) approach, emphasizing linguistic meaning and transmitted reports, thereby understanding cosmic oaths as a literal affirmation of the grandeur of the Qur’an. In contrast, al-Māturīdī adopts a rational-theological approach that expands the meaning of cosmic oaths as an argumentative strategy responding to the rejection of revelation. Thus, the methodological differences between the two exegetes directly shape their interpretations of cosmic oaths as the legitimation of revelation in the Qur’an.
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