Karoshi as a Violation of Qur’anic Values: A Thematic Study of Wahbah al-Zuhayli’s Interpretation in Tafsīr al-Munīr

Abstract

The phenomenon of karoshi, or death caused by overwork, represents a serious problem in the modern workplace, reflecting the loss of human boundaries within contemporary labor systems. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of karoshi from the perspective of Qur’anic values based on the interpretation of Wahbah al-Zuhayli in Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-‘Aqīdah wa al-Sharī‘ah wa al-Manhaj. The research employs a thematic exegesis approach by analyzing Qur’anic verses related to the command to work, limitations in human activity, and the balance of life, including Q.S. At-Tawbah [9]:105, Q.S. Al-Mulk [67]:15, Q.S. Āli ‘Imrān [3]:147, Q.S. Al-A‘rāf [7]:31, and Q.S. Ghāfir [40]:61. The findings indicate that the Qur’an encourages human beings to work and strive actively as a form of responsibility and worship, while simultaneously prohibiting excessive behavior that may endanger oneself. Through Wahbah al-Zuhayli’s interpretation, work is understood as a form of deed (‘amal) that must be carried out proportionally, ethically, and with self-control. The concept of sakana, which refers to rest and tranquility, is viewed as a Qur’anic solution for maintaining balance between work and self-recovery. Therefore, the phenomenon of karoshi can be understood as a violation of Qur’anic values because it places work in an extreme position without regard for life balance and the protection of human life.